High-temperature resin-based composites possess advantages such as low density， high specific strength， high specific modulus， fatigue resistance，corrosion resistance， and high design flexibility. Due to its significant potential for lightweight structural applications，a considerable attention in the aerospace field is received. This paper focuses on three high-temperature resins-bismaleimide， polyimide， and phthalonitrile， and their composite materials.A review of the historical development，processing techniques， mechanical properties， and aerospace applications of these resin matrices is provided. Finally，by comparing their processing characteristics， mechanical properties， and typical engineering applications，a insights for material selection in the aerospace industry is offered.