The rocket storage tank is an important component of the launch vehicle， but the service environment is relatively harsh. The rocket storage tank not only store liquid propellants but also bear complex structural loads. Structural material is the foundation for the development of tank manufacture and the key to the revolution of space vehicles. This article mainly introduces the application and development status of structural materials for rocket storage tank at home and abroad. It reviews metal materials such as aluminum alloy， stainless steel， titanium alloy， and composite storage tanks， systematically summarizes the revolution process and application situation of storage tank materials， and puts forward new insights and prospects for the development direction of storage tank materials in the future.