In this paper， the application of a new ablation resistant and heat resistant coating in local heat protection of aircraft wing surface was studied. The influence of local temperature field and thermal stress deformation was studied by finite element analysis method. At the same time， the shear resistance of the new anti-heat coating was tested， and micro morphology was analyzed. The research shows that the application of heat resistant coating can reduce the temperature of local parts of aircraft wing surface， reduce material deformation and effectively improve the service strength of materials. Through the engine ablation test， the application of 0.5 mm heat resistant coating can reduce the back temperature to 147 ℃ when the surface temperature of the sample reaches 1 006 ℃，and the surface morphology is good after ablation. The study provides a reference for the application of the thermal protection coating in local thermal protection of aircraft.