With the further increasement of vehicle speed and the demand for reusable vehicles,hypersonic film cooling technology has become a hot issue in the development of aerospace technology.The research on active film cooling technology of hypersonic vehicle is very important to solve the problem of thermal protection and break through the bottleneck of thermal protection technology.In this paper,the principle,classification and mechanism of active cooling thermal protection technology are studied firstly.Then,from both experimental research and numerical simulation point of view,the research status of two-dimensional slot film cooling technology,discrete film hole technology and hypersonic reverse jet technology,as well as the factors affecting the film cooling effect are reviewed and analyzed.At last,the research directions such as heat-resistant material development,material preparation process,experimental study of multi film hole characteristics, experimental verification of reverse jet film hole cooling technology for hypersonic film cooling technology are put forward.