Based on the quasi-static transverse bending test, the bending resistance and energy absorption characteristics of CFRP/Al hybrid tube manufactured by winding process were studied, and the failure modes of the hybrid tube were analyzed. Based on the three-point bending test results of CFRP-Al hybrid tube with different filament winding angles, the influence of filament winding angle on its transverse bending resistance and energy absorption was studied by finite element simulation method. The experimental results showed that the failure modes and damage modes of CFRP-Al hybrid tube under transverse load are basically the same as those of pure aluminum tube, but the failure morphologies are slightly different under the influence of filament winding angle. The smaller the filament winding angle, the better the bending resistance and energy absorption of CFRP-Al hybrid tube, and the lower the crushing efficiency (CFE). Based on the validated finite element model, the effect of different angle filament winding inner layer on the stress transfer of surface filament layer is studied. The restraint of small angle filament winding inner layer on the axial tension deformation of the tube increases the peak load and energy absorption of the whole tube, and the improvement of ring stiffness of the tube by large angle filament winding inner layer increases the overall crushing efficiency. The analysis can provide an effective basis for the reasonable design of CFRP-Al hybrid tube.