In this paper, the fiber Bragg grating sensor and carbon fiber composite materials were integratedly designed, by embedding the fiber Bragg grating sensor within the carbon fiber composite materials. The feasibility of the embedded technology was verified, the design was confirmed to real-time monitor the environment temperature. The structure strength change of the carbon fiber composite material after embedded fiber Bragg grating sensor as well as the fiber Bragg grating signal transmission rate was studied. The results show that the structure strength change rate of the carbon fiber composite materials before and after embedding fiber Bragg grating sensor is less than 10%, the strain signal transmission rate is above 90%. The fiber Bragg grating sensors can be used as an effective means of monitoring the whole life cycle structural strength of the carbon fiber composite materials from processing, using until failure.