In order to overcome the space service environments, a lot of work in material design, material processing, material evaluation and material usage had been carried out by the institute of development, guarantee and use of aerospace materials. Based on this, the selection demand of aerospace materials in China was analyzed firstly, and then some discrimination was given on the concept among aerospace materials, flight test of aerospace materials, space materials science, and space environmental adaptability of aerospace materials and so on. Furthermore,the concept of aerospace material engineering was put forward, and the correlation of related parts composition of aerospace material engineering is described. Finally, to meet the needs of the future development of space technology, based on the domestic and abroad development of aerospace material engineering experience, the aerospace material engineering system is constructed from planning, development, test (experiment), evaluation, data base, data service, standard and other aspects.