To optimize the heat treatment processing of a new super-high strength Al-Cu-Li-X alloy sheet with 2 mm thickness, the mechanical properties and microstructures of the alloy with different aging treatment were investigated. Its tensile strength kept higher than 600 MPa after a long time (20~120 h) of T8 aging with 6% pre-deformation. The strengthening phases in T8 temper were a large number of T1 (Al₂CuLi) precipitates and some (Al₂Cu) precipitates. A very small amount of S′ (Al₂CuMg) precipitates also formed in T6 aging. Pre-deformation accelerated dispersive and fine precipitation of T1 phases, but inhibited the precipitation of θ′ and S′ phases. At pre-deformation lower than 6%, the tensile strength of the T8-aged alloy was effectively increased with pre-deformation. At pre-deformation higher than 6%, with pre-deformation increasing, T1 number density was obviously increased and its size decreased, θ′ fraction reduced, and the strength enhancement caused by pre-deformation was decreased and elongation was much lowered. Excessively high pre-deformation (15%) made θ′ precipitates disappear.