Recent progress on the polymer nanocomposites modified by graphene and functional graphene were reviewed.The preparations and properties of the nanocomposites of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS) and polyaniline (PANI) modified by graphene were mainly discussed. The graphene modified by diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), octadecyl amine (ODA), aluminum chloride (AlCl₃) and other modifications and improvement of properties of polymers after functional graphene addition were then discussed. Finally, the potential applications and prospects of graphene/polymer nanocomposites were pointed out.