Spacecraft in orbit will encounter space radiation environments such as electron,proton,heavy ions, photon,etc.,which results in the space radiation effects such as single event effects,total ionizing dose effects, displacement damage effects, surface charging and discharging or electrostatic discharging and internal charging effects. So it is necessary to protect the spacecraft from space radiation.In this paper,the protection principle and validity from space environments on spacecraft are introduced firstly,and the protection materials and structures such as mass shielding material,ESD protection material,radiation hardening functional material,local protection structure,whole-spacecraft protection structure,are discussed in light of three dimensions including material,subsystem,spacecraft.Finally some development directions on protection material and structure from space radiation environments are proposed.