低温阀瓣非金属杂质形成机制及其风险分析
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上海航天设备制造总厂有限公司,上海航天特种环境高分子功能材料工程技术研究中心,上海 200245

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TQ333.93

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上海市青年科技启明星项目(23QB1402100)


Mechanism of Non-metallic Impurity Formation in Low Temperature Valve Disc and Its Risk Analysis
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Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Specialized Polymer Materials for Aerospace,Shanghai Aerospace Equipments Manufacturer Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200245

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    摘要:

    新一代运载火箭采用环保高效的液氧/煤油作为火箭推进剂,液氧的沸点低至零下183 ℃,对运载火箭箭体阀瓣的低温密封性提出了苛刻的要求。目前金属/非金属(聚三氟氯乙烯)低温阀瓣采用热压成型工艺制备,其非金属内部易产生黑色杂质缺陷,存在密封失效的风险。针对非金属内部存在黑色杂质的现象,分析非金属内部黑色杂质缺陷的形成原因,提出通过非金属粉末过筛工艺方法减少黑色杂质缺陷,提升阀瓣密封可靠性和安全性,同时通过力学试验测试和阀门装配试验对内部含黑点缺陷的密封件进行风险分析。以上研究结果表明:通过元素分析确认非金属内部黑色杂质是因高温高压条件下低分子量的聚三氟氯乙烯氧化变黑所致。此外,力学试验结果表明非金属内部黑点对其拉伸强度、模量、断裂伸长率以及冲击强度均没有影响,密封面±1.5 mm内存在黑点的低温阀瓣阀门装配试验也通过典试试验考核。

    Abstract:

    Environmentally friendly and efficient liquid oxygen/kerosene was used as rocket propellant for the new generation of carrier rockets.The boiling point of liquid oxygen was as low as -183 ℃,which put forward strict requirements for the low-temperature sealing of the carrier rocket body valve disc.At present,the metal/non-metal(polytetrafluoroethylene) low-temperature valve disc was prepared by hot pressing process.The non-metal interior was prone to producing black impurity defects,which had the risk of seal failure.In view of the phenomenon of black impurity inside the non-metal,this paper analyzed the formation reasons of black impurity defects inside the non-metal in detail.It was proposed to reduce the black impurity phenomenon by non-metallic powder sieve process,improving the sealing reliability and safety of the valve disc.At the same time,the risk analysis of seals with black spot defects inside was carried out through mechanical test and valve assembly test.The black impurity inside the non-metal is confirmed by element analysis that the black impurity is caused by the oxidation of low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene under high temperature and high pressure.In addition,the mechanical test results show that the black spot inside the non-metal has no effect on its tensile strength,modulus,elongation at break and impact strength.The low-temperature valve assembly test with black spots inside the sealing surface ±1.5 mm also passes the benchmark test.

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熊书强,束长朋,贾宇翔,张庭玮,张崇印.低温阀瓣非金属杂质形成机制及其风险分析[J].宇航材料工艺,2026,56(2):135-139.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-31
  • 最后修改日期:2026-03-18
  • 录用日期:2025-07-21
  • 在线发布日期: 2026-05-07
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