The bonding of thin-walled rotary components made of 6A02 aluminum alloy and 0Cr18Ni9 stainless steel by means of inertia friction welding technology was achieved.An in-depth investigation was conducted into the effects of process parameters on welding quality，and numerical simulations were performed to analyze the temperature and stress distribution during the welding process.The results demonstrate that effective bonding of the dissimilar metals can be realized when the welding parameters are set as follows：spindle speed of 1 200 r/min，moment of inertia of 35 kg·m²，and upset pressure of 65 MPa.Compared with the joints prepared with nickel-plated or silver-plated steel rings，the joints with uncoated steel rings exhibit superior internal pressure bearing capacity，with the burst pressure reaching 13.8 MPa.Simulation results indicate that the maximum temperature at the steel-aluminum interface occurs in the central region of the bonding surface，and the high-temperature zone on the aluminum alloy side is wider than that on the stainless steel side.Overall， the stress values on the aluminum alloy side are higher than those on the stainless steel side.Under the vibration test conditions of 100 K and an internal pressure of 0.4 MPa，the stress of the friction-welded joint is approximately 33 MPa，which is far below the fracture strength of the base materials.The result of helium mass spectrometry leak detection on the joint is less than 1×10⁻⁸ Pa·m³/s，indicating excellent airtightness that satisfies the functional and performance requirements of the product.