K424合金叶片超温断裂失效机理研究
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1航天材料及工艺研究所,北京 100076;2北京动力机械研究所,北京 100074

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TG132.3

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Study on the Failure Mechanism of K424 Alloy Blades After Overheated Condition
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1Aerospace Research Institute of Materials & Processing Technology,Beijing 100076;2Beijing Power Machinery Institute,Beijing 100074

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    摘要:

    K424合金是一种高Al、Ti,低密度型的镍基铸造高温合金,采用该材料制备的涡轮叶片在超温工况下使用后发生开裂。为了研究K424合金叶片在超温工况下的失效机理,通过体视显微镜、光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱仪、硬度测试仪等手段对叶片形貌、成分及组织进行了分析。结果显示:叶片裂纹呈沿枝晶特征,断面氧化层厚度超过1 μm,断裂模式为蠕变疲劳+高温氧化,其断裂机理为在超温工况下,立方状γ''相(尺寸约为0.4 μm)转变为二次球状γ''相(尺寸约为0.08 μm),抗蠕变性能下降,因此在枝晶晶界、岛状γ/γ''共晶与基体界面以及块状碳化物与基体界面等应力集中、变形不协调、强度薄弱部位出现蠕变疲劳裂纹。裂纹萌生后受富氧燃气影响,断面上的Al、Cr、Ti元素发生择优高温氧化,体积增大,进一步加剧了裂纹扩展。

    Abstract:

    K424 alloy was a kind of cast nickel-base superalloy that was rich in Al and Ti element and low density.Turbine blades made of this alloy cracked after overheated condition.In order to investigate the failure mechanism of K424 alloy blades,the morphology,composition and microstructure was analyzed by means of stereoscopic microscope,optical microscope,scanning electron microscope(SEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS)and micro-hardness testing machine.The analysis results show that the cracks in the blades have interdendritic morphology and the oxidation layer thickness on the fracture is more than 1 μm;the fracture mode is creep fatigue and high temperature oxidation.After overheated condition,the cubic γ’ phase(size~0.4 μm)transforms into secondary spherical γ’ phase(size ~0.08 μm),thus impairing the anti creep property.As a result,cracks initiate at dendrite grain boundaries,insular γ/γ′ eutectic-matrix interface and bulk carbide-matrix interface where stress concentration,deformation uncoordination and strength weaken position exists.After crack initiation,the Al,Ti and Cr elements in the fracture surface endure selective oxidation at an oxidizing atmosphere,resulting in an increasing volume and thus promote the expansion of cracks.

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袁建宇,刘松礼,霍向东,代超,马兆庆. K424合金叶片超温断裂失效机理研究[J].宇航材料工艺,2026,56(2):103-108.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-20
  • 最后修改日期:2026-03-19
  • 录用日期:2024-05-31
  • 在线发布日期: 2026-05-07
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