Aerogel materials have unique nano-scale holes and nano-particle skeleton structure， extremely low density and thermal conductivity， which can save space and weight resources of spacecraft. It is the optimal thermal insulation material in the field of space exploration under extreme low and high temperature environment （-230~1 800 ℃）. In this paper， the application progress of aerogel materials in the fields of device heat insulation， space power supply insulation， cryogenic storage box insulation and interstellar spacesuits in spacecraft at home and abroad is reviewed in detail， and the future development of aerogel in space exploration is prospected.