The tensile and compressive properties of needled felt C/C composite material at the temperature range of 20℃ to 1800℃ have been studied by test system of ultra-high temperature material performance and strain measurement system under high temperature. The results show that needled felt C/C composite material has different elastic modulus for tension and compression obviously, and the tensile and compressive modulus decrease linearly with the rise of temperature, but the tensile modulus decreases more quickly. At the same time, the tensile and compressive strength increase first then decrease with the rise of temperature, and the tensile strength reach to the maximum value at the temperature of 1600℃, then the compressive strength reach to the maximum value at the temperature of 1200℃. Needled felt C/C composite material shows fiber tensile brittle damage and fracture angle of 45° by high temperature tensile. On the other hand, needled felt C/C composite material shows compression failure caused by typical shear stress and the oblique angle of fracture plane is 45° under high temperature compression conditions.