Common high-performance thermal protection materials have relatively weak mechanical properties, which became the bottleneck of aircraft thermal protection system development. Therefore,to design thermal protection materials with both good insulation effect and enough load capacity the become current research hot spots. In this paper, the stress-strain curve of the C/C thermal protective composite (C/C composite) was obtained by the uniaxial compressive experiments in order to investigate the compressive deformation and fracture model of C/C composite. Moreover, the microscopic morphology and microstructure deformation of this material were also studied by the SEM observations of the original material and fracture section, which also provide an experimental foundation for the characterization of the internal microstructure to establish the numerical geometric model and FEM simulation. The experimental results show that the fibers in C/C composite are randomly distributed along in-plane direction, which cause the obvious stratification. The mechanical properties of C/C composite in the in-plane direction are superior to those in the out-of-plane direction.