In recent years， with the continuous development of aerospace technology， aerospace materials will face more complex and harsh environment in the use process. Research on coating materials with different protective functions such as high hardness， high wear resistance and high corrosion resistance has become a current research hotspot. The research progress of lubrication coating， wear-resistant coating and corrosion-resistant coating is reviewed， including diamond-like carbon film， molybdenum disulfide film， nitride coating， graphene based coating， etc. On this basis， the design methods and technologies of composite， gradient multilayer and nano multilayer structures are introduced， and the enhancement mechanism of coating performance is discussed. It is pointed out that the future development direction of space functional protective coatings is to prepare ultra long life space functional protective coatings through cross scale structure design and comprehensive protection mechanism.