In view of the problem of large solidification deformation and residual stress of carbon fiber composite rotary shell structures in the aerospace field, this paper established a three-dimensional finite element model to analyze the curing process of composite rotary shell structures to predict the curing deformation and residual stress of the structure; it is proposed Curing process and post-curing process parameter optimization control method, and optimized design of structural curing process curve. Under the standard curing system, the maximum residual stress and curing deformation prediction results of the composite shell structure are 409.12Mpa and 0.3359mm respectively. Based on the finite element model, the influence of each process parameter on the maximum residual stress and curing deformation of the structure was analyzed; and based on the analysis results of each process parameter, the combined optimization of the curing process parameters was completed. Under the optimal curing process plan, the maximum residual stress and deformation of the structure were 325.11Mpa and 0.2951mm respectively, which were reduced by 20.53% and 13.21% respectively.