With the advent of the 5G era， the problem of electromagnetic pollution is becoming increasingly serious. Electromagnetic shielding is an effective method to solve electromagnetic pollution， which has become the focus of attention. Conductive nanoparticles have excellent electrical conductivity and unique physical properties， and their resin matrix composites can be used as electromagnetic shielding materials with lightweight and high electromagnetic shielding efficiency. In this paper， the electromagnetic shielding properties of resin matrix composites containing one-dimensional conductive nanoparticles （such as carbon nanotubes and silver nanowires） and two-dimensional conductive nanoparticles （such as graphene and MXenes） are summarized， and their development trend is further prospected.